What Is Cervical Dysplasia?

Cervical dysplasia is a condition in which abnormal (unusual) cells develop on the surface of the cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. Cervical dysplasia is not cancer, but if it is not detected and treated on time, it can sometimes develop into cervical cancer over many years.

Cervical dysplasia is most often caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), a common virus spread through sexual contact. Many women with cervical dysplasia do not have any symptoms, which is why regular Pap smear tests are important for early detection. 

What are the stages of CIN?

Doctors divide the severity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) according to how much tissue appears abnormal under a microscope:

• CIN 1: Abnormal cells occur in approximately one-third of the thickness of the epithelium.
• CIN 2: Abnormal cells involve approximately one-third to two-thirds of the epithelium.
• CIN 3: Abnormal cells involve more than two-thirds of the epithelium.

CIN 1 seldom develops into cancer and usually resolves on its own. CIN 2 and 3 are more likely to need treatment to avoid cancer.

What are the Symptoms of cervical dysplasia?

Cervical dysplasia rarely causes symptoms. Some women may, however, experience abnormal vaginal bleeding or spotting after sexual activity.

The majority of women with cervical dysplasia learn about it after a routine Pap test.

Cervical Dysplasia Causes

A virus known as HPV (human papillomavirus) results in cervical dysplasia. HPV is the most prevalent sexually transmitted viral infection.

If you have cervical dysplasia, you have HPV. Some women with HPV don't get cervical dysplasia.

More than 100 types of HPV exist. In most instances, your immune system will clear the virus. However, some types, such as HPV-16 and HPV-18, are more likely to lead to cervical dysplasia.

What are the risk factors of cervical dysplasia?

Scientists don't know why some women with HPV get cervical dysplasia and others don't.

Risk factors are:

• Smoking cigarettes: Smoking and using products that contain tobacco can double your risk of cervical dysplasia.
• Having a weakened immune system: This makes it harder for your body to fight an HPV infection.

The strain of HPV and how long you’ve had the untreated infection may also play roles in developing cervical dysplasia.

How doctors diagnose this condition?

Your doctor might recognize cervical dysplasia during a normal internal examination. They might perform a test known as a Pap smear. That is when your doctor takes a sample of cervical cells, which a pathologist can examine under a microscope. If abnormal cells are found on the Pap smear, you might require a:

• Colposcopy: Your provider performs and internal exam with a lighted instrument to check for abnormal cells in your cervix or vaginal walls.
• Biopsy: Your provider removes tissue samples that a pathologist examines in a laboratory.

Your healthcare provider will go over the results with you. Together, you’ll determine the next steps for treatment.

What is the treatment for cervical dysplasia?

Treatment depends on various factors like:

• The severity of cervical dysplasia.
• Your age and general health.
• Your preference for treatment.

Therapies for cervical dysplasia can affect pregnancy. Your doctor will discuss your choices if you're pregnant or become pregnant.

CIN 1 treatment

If you have low-grade cervical dysplasia (CIN 1), you probably won't require treatment. The majority of these instances resolve by themselves. Fewer than 1% of CIN 1 cases will develop into cervical cancer eventually.

Your doctor will suggest regular Pap smears to monitor any worsening abnormal cell changes.

CIN 2 and CIN 3 Treatment

If cervical dysplasia is more serious (CIN 2 or CIN 3), your doctor will suggest destroying or removing the abnormal cells. These treatments treat cervical dysplasia in approximately 90% of all cases.

Procedures:

• Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP): Your doctor removes tissue using a small, electrically charged wire loop.
• Cold knife cone biopsy (conization): Your doctor takes out a cone-shaped tissue sample with the abnormal cells.
• Hysterectomy: Your doctor surgically removes your cervix and uterus. This might be an option if cervical dysplasia recurs or does not get better after other treatments.

All of these procedures have risks and possible complications. You and your provider will decide which one is best for you.

When should I visit my healthcare provider?

Your health care provider will want to monitor the health of your cervix over time. They want to ensure abnormal cells don't recur or develop into cancer.

After treatment, they can suggest you have a follow-up Pap smear every six to nine months for one to two years. You can then go back to having annual Pap smears afterwards.

What can I expect if I have this condition?

The prognosis for cervical dysplasia with early detection is good. Abnormal cells can be eliminated or destroyed, which lessens your risk of cervical cancer considerably. However, these treatments have some side effects, such as possible complications in pregnancy.

How can I avoid cervical dysplasia?

The only method of prevention of cervical dysplasia is not getting infected with HPV. Prevention measures are:

• HPV vaccine: The HPV vaccine protects against HPV infections that can develop into cervical cancer or genital warts. It can't be used to treat existing HPV or cervical dysplasia. But it can help prevent recurrent infections in some instances.
• Abstinence or safer sex: You can avoid HPV infection by not having sexual contact, including vaginal, anal and oral sex. You can also lower your risk by using safer sex with condoms.
• Regular Pap smears: Early detection can prevent extensive cervical dysplasia. You will need to have your first Pap smear at age 21. If your Pap smears are normal, your provider may suggest repeat tests every three years up to age 29. You will need to have co-testing (Pap Smear with HPV testing) every five years if you're aged 30 to 65. Testing cannot prevent cervical dysplasia, but it can assist with early detection.
• Do not smoke or consume tobacco: Your risk for an HPV infection to develop as cervical dysplasia is higher if you smoke or consume tobacco.

Why choose Tender Palm Super-Speciality Hospital for Cervical Dysplasia treatment in Lucknow, India?

Tender Palm Super-Speciality Hospital offers advanced Cervical Dysplasia treatment in Lucknow, India, at an affordable cost. We have a team of experienced gynecologists and gynecologic oncologists, known as some of the best doctors for cervical health care. We provide accurate diagnosis with Pap smear, HPV testing, and colposcopy, personalized medical and surgical treatment when required, and close follow-up care. Our Gynecology team has decades of experience in successfully treating Cervical Dysplasia in Lucknow, India.

To seek an Expert Conultation for Cervical Dysplasia treatment in Lucknow, India:

Call us at +91-9076972161
Email at care@tenderpalm.com

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