What is Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma?

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a rare, benign (noncancerous) growth that develops behind the nose. It is made primarily of blood vessels. Although noncancerous, this tumour is aggressive and can spread from the nasal passage into the sinuses, eye socket, skull, and brain.

Signs and Symptoms of Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

Early symptoms include:

Frequent or heavy nosebleeds
Stuffy nose
Runny nose

Advanced symptoms as the tumour grows:

Facial swelling, especially in the cheeks
Pain
Watery eyes
Sagging eyelids and protruding eyes
Headaches
Vision loss or double vision
Hearing loss
Speech difficulties
Sleep apnea
Facial numbness

Causes of Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

The exact cause is unknown. However, since it almost exclusively affects males, hormones may play a role. It is not considered a hereditary condition.

Risk Factors for Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

Few risk factors are known. However, individuals with a family history of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)—a rare condition involving precancerous intestinal polyps—may have a higher risk. This association is still being studied.

Complications of Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

If untreated, complications may include:

Breathing difficulties
Vision, hearing, and speech problems
Facial deformities (e.g., bulging eyes, drooping eyelids)
Loss of smell (anosmia)
Severe nosebleeds and significant blood loss
Mental status changes

Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

A physician may suspect this condition during a physical examination and based on your symptoms. Referral to an ENT specialist is often required for further evaluation.

Diagnostic Tests for Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

Common diagnostic tests include:

CT (Computed Tomography) scan
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan

A nasal endoscopy is also performed. This involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera into the nasal passage. A numbing spray is used for comfort.

Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

Surgery: This is the primary treatment. Depending on tumour size and location, an ENT surgeon may perform an endoscopic (minimally invasive) procedure through the nose.

Radiation Therapy: If the tumour cannot be entirely removed or recurs, radiation may be recommended. It targets tumour cells using high-energy X-rays.

Can Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Be Prevented?

No known prevention methods exist. Since the cause is unclear and likely hormone-related, there are currently no preventive strategies.

What to Expect if Diagnosed with Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

Early treatment is critical. The healthcare team will customize a treatment plan based on tumour size, location, and symptoms.

Prognosis for Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

The outlook depends on tumour size and location. Surgery or radiation often provides effective control. However, up to 50% of tumours can recur, usually within two years. Follow-up imaging is essential to monitor recurrence. If regrowth is detected, additional surgery or radiation may be needed.

When to Contact a Doctor

Seek medical evaluation if you experience:

Recurring nosebleeds
Difficulty breathing
Persistent nasal congestion
Runny nose

Questions to Ask Your Doctor

Where exactly is the tumour located?
What is the tumour’s size?
Can it be removed surgically?
Will radiation therapy be required?
What is the chance of recurrence?
How often should imaging be done after treatment?

Why Choose Tender Palm Super-Speciality Hospital for Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Treatment in Lucknow, India?

Tender Palm Super-Speciality Hospital has the most trusted team of ENT specialists and surgeons with advanced diagnostic equipment care for Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma treatment in Lucknow, India. Our ENT department follows international safety standards and has years of experience in treating Skull Base related Disease and Conditions.