What is Neuroblastoma?

Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that starts in very early forms of nerve cells, called neuroblasts, which are typically found in a developing embryo or fetus. It most commonly develops in the adrenal glands, which sit on top of the kidneys, but it can also form in the nerve tissues of the neck, chest, abdomen, or pelvis. It is a solid tumor that is primarily seen in infants and young children.

How common is Neuroblastoma?

Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in infants and the third most common childhood cancer overall, after leukemia and brain tumors. It accounts for about 7% to 10% of all childhood cancers. Most cases are diagnosed in children under the age of 5, and it is very rare in adults.

What are the symptoms of Neuroblastoma?

Symptoms depend on the location of the tumor and whether it has spread:

• Abdominal Lump: A firm, painless mass in the belly, often causing swelling or poor appetite.
• Bone Pain: If the cancer spreads to the bones, the child may limp or have localized pain.
• Eye Changes: Droopy eyelids, unequal pupil size (Horner’s syndrome), or dark circles around the eyes (raccoon eyes).
• Fever and Weight Loss: General signs of systemic illness.
• Changes in Bowel/Bladder Habits: If the tumor presses on the spinal cord or pelvic organs.
• High Blood Pressure: Some tumors release hormones that increase heart rate or blood pressure.

What causes Neuroblastoma?

The exact cause is unknown. It occurs when normal neuroblasts (immature nerve cells) do not mature into functioning nerve cells or fibers. Instead, they continue to grow and divide uncontrollably. While most cases are sporadic (random), a very small percentage (about 1% to 2%) are linked to inherited genetic mutations, specifically in the ALK gene.

What are the complications of Neuroblastoma?

• Metastasis: The cancer often spreads to the lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, and skin.
• Spinal Cord Compression: If the tumor grows near the spine, it can press on nerves, potentially causing paralysis.
• Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Rare conditions where the immune system attacks normal tissues in response to the cancer, such as Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (dancing eyes and feet).
• Late Effects of Treatment: Survivors may face long-term issues like hearing loss, growth problems, or secondary cancers.

How do doctors diagnose Neuroblastoma?

Diagnosis involves a combination of imaging and laboratory tests:

• Urine and Blood Tests: Doctors look for high levels of catecholamines (chemicals produced by some nerve cells).
• Imaging: Ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI help locate the primary tumor.
• MIBG Scan: A specialized nuclear medicine scan that uses a radioactive tracer specifically attracted to neuroblastoma cells.
• Biopsy: Taking a small tissue sample to examine the cells under a microscope.
• Bone Marrow Aspiration: To see if the cancer has spread to the marrow.

How is Neuroblastoma treated?

Treatment depends on the risk group (Low, Intermediate, or High), which is determined by the child’s age, the tumor's appearance, and genetic markers (like MYCN amplification):

• Surgery: To remove as much of the tumor as possible.
• Chemotherapy: To shrink the tumor or kill remaining cancer cells.
• Radiation Therapy: High-energy beams to target the tumor site.
• Stem Cell Transplant: Often used for high-risk cases after intensive chemotherapy.
• Immunotherapy: Using specialized antibodies to help the immune system identify and kill cancer cells.

What can I expect if my child has Neuroblastoma?

The outlook varies significantly. Low-risk neuroblastoma has an excellent survival rate, sometimes requiring only observation or minor surgery. High-risk neuroblastoma is more challenging and requires aggressive treatment. Medical advancements have significantly improved survival rates over the past decade.

Can Neuroblastoma be prevented?

There are no known lifestyle or environmental factors linked to neuroblastoma. Therefore, there is currently no known way to prevent it.

When should I see my doctor?

Consult a pediatrician if you notice:

• An unusual lump or swelling in your child's abdomen or neck.
• Persistent bone pain or a child who suddenly stops walking.
• Changes in the eyes, such as different pupil sizes or bruising around the lids.

Why choose Tender Palm Super-Speciality Hospital for Neuroblastoma Treatment in Lucknow, India?

Tender Palm Super-Speciality Hospital offers advanced Neuroblastoma treatment in Lucknow, India, at an affordable cost. We have a team of experienced pediatric oncologists and neurosurgeons who provide accurate diagnosis and both non-surgical and surgical treatment options including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and tumor resection procedures. Our Pediatric Oncology and Neurosurgery team has decades of experience in successfully treating Neuroblastoma in Lucknow, India.

To seek an Expert Consultation for Neuroblastoma Treatment in Lucknow, India:

Call us at +91-9076972161
Email at care@tenderpalm.com

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