What is persistent depressive disorder (PDD)?

Persistent depressive disorder was formerly known as dysthymia or dysthymic disorder, generally characterized as chronic mild or moderate depression. Persistent depressive disorder occurs during the most days of a person's life along with low mood and other possible symptoms.

What are the symptoms associated with persistent depressive disorder?

The major sign of persistent depressive disorder is a sad, low, or dark mood. Other possible symptoms of persistent depressive disorder include:

• Fatigue.
• Feelings of hopelessness and/or worthlessness.
• Lack of appetite or overeating.
• Difficulty concentrating.
• Limited energy.
• Low self-esteem.
• Trouble working or going to school.
• Difficulty sleeping or oversleeping. 

What causes persistent depressive disorder?

Scientists do not fully understand what turns on persistent depression; most likely, some abnormal connections between different parts of your brain cause non-normal communications with your brain cells inside themselves.

What are the risk factors for persistent depressive disorder?

Persistent depressive disorder is more likely to be found in females and people assigned female at birth (AFAB) than in males and assigned male at birth (AMAB). This is because this condition is heritable. Thus, if you have a biological family member who suffers from persistent depressive disorder, chances are you are likely to develop this sickness.

How will a diagnosis be made for persistent depressive disorder?

If you suspect you have persistent depressive disorder, consult a healthcare provider. There are no tests for chronic depression, and the diagnosis is made through conversations with your provider. Your provider may also do further evaluation by referring you to a psychologist or psychiatrist.

What is persistent depressive disorder all about? Can persistent depressive disorder be prevented?

While you can't prevent depression, you can reduce the odds of developing it; many of these things would be helpful even if you've already been diagnosed:

• Engage in exercise regularly, a few times per week.
• Avoid both alcohol and recreational drugs.
• Meditate.

Does persistent depressive disorder ever go away?

It is possible to manage persistent depressive disorder using a combination of medication, talking therapy, and lifestyle changes, which should improve overall well-being. If symptoms return or your condition does not improve, speak with your healthcare provider.

When would I need immediate attention?

Tell someone right away if you have thoughts of hurting yourself or someone else. You can tell a healthcare provider, a friend, or a family member. 

What questions should I ask my doctor?

Questions you may want to ask your doctor include:

• Am I suffering from persistent depressive disorder or some other type of depression?
• What type of treatment will you suggest?
• Should I consult a counselor?
• Will medication help my depression?
• How long will it take before I start to feel better?

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