What is spina bifida?

Spina bifida is a Neural Tube Defect (NTD) that occurs when the spinal column of a baby fails to close during his early development in the womb, which consequently affects his spine and may range in severity, depending on the location and extent of the opening of the spine. There are three primary forms of Spina Bifida identified as occulta (mildest), Meningocele, and Myelomeningocele (most severe), out of which Myelomeningocele is the form of most significant physical impairment.

How common is spina bifida in children?

Spina bifida affects approximately 1 in every 1,000 births in the world as rates vary by region and access to prenatal care, and so is one of the most common birth defects, affecting the central nervous system of the child.

What are the symptoms of spina bifida?

Symptoms usually depend on the type and severity of Spina Bifida, of which Spina Bifida occulta is the mildest form of NTD that has no symptoms and is generally discovered incidentally during medical examinations, while in severe forms of spina bifida, symptoms include visible spinal defects, nerve damage causing leg weakness or paralysis, bladder and bowel dysfunction, hydrocephalus (fluid buildup in the brain), and orthopedic abnormalities like clubfoot or scoliosis to the child.

What causes spina bifida in children?

The exact cause of spina bifida is unknown, but its risk factors are linked to a combination of genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors under which deficiency in folic acid during pregnancy is a well-established risk factor as the vitamin plays a crucial role in neural tube formation while its deficiency causes different complications. Family history, maternal obesity, and certain medications may also increase the risk.

How is spina bifida diagnosed?

Spina bifida can be detected before birth through various tests:-

Maternal Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein (MSAFP) Test: This blood test, conducted during the second trimester, measures levels of a protein produced by the fetus. High levels may indicate spina bifida or other neural tube defects.

Ultrasound Imaging: This imaging technique can provide visual confirmation of spina bifida.

Amniocentesis: In this procedure, a sample of amniotic fluid is taken to check for abnormal protein levels, which may indicate spina bifida.

Can spina bifida be detected after birth?

Yes, spina bifida can be diagnosed at birth if there are visible signs or symptoms. Newborns may undergo further imaging, such as MRI or CT scans, to assess the spinal structure and nerve involvement.

What treatments are available for spina bifida?

Treatment varies based on the type and severity of spina bifida:-

For Myelomeningocele, surgery is usually performed within the first days after birth to close the spinal opening and prevent infections.

Some cases may qualify for fetal surgery, where the defect is corrected before birth.

Additional treatments focus on managing complications and may include physical therapy, orthopedic interventions, bladder and bowel management, and shunt placement for hydrocephalus.

Are there supportive treatments available?

Yes, supportive treatments are essential for children with spina bifida. They may benefit from a multidisciplinary team that includes:-

• Neurologists
• Orthopedists
• Urologists
• Physical therapists
• Social workers

This team approach helps address the physical, social, and emotional needs of the child.

Can spina bifida be prevented?

While not all cases can be prevented, adequate folic acid intake before and during pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of spina bifida. Women of childbearing age are advised to:-

Take a daily folic acid supplement

Consume a folate-rich diet

These measures can help prevent neural tube defects, including spina bifida.

What is the prognosis for children with spina bifida?

The prognosis varies. Children with spina bifida occulta often have minimal symptoms, while those with more severe forms may face lifelong challenges. Early intervention, modern surgical techniques, and comprehensive support can improve mobility, health, and quality of life. Many children go on to lead active, fulfilling lives with proper care.

How can families support a child with spina bifida?

Families play a key role in supporting a child with spina bifida by coordinating care, promoting independence, and advocating for resources in education and healthcare. Children with spina bifida may face mobility and social challenges, so adaptive devices, inclusive environments, and peer support can empower them to live confidently.

Why Tender Palm Super-Specialty Hospital for ‘Spina Bifida’?

Tender Palm Hospital, led by a team of specialized physicians, is highly regarded for its expertise in pediatric neurosurgery and neuro-developmental care. With renowned pediatric neurosurgeons and urologists skilled in treating neural tube defects like spina bifida, including Myelomeningocele and associated hydrocephalus, Tender Palm Super-Specialty Hospital is recognized as the leading center for spina bifida care in Gomtinagar, Lucknow (UP)-India.

Our advanced infrastructure, cutting-edge diagnostic tools, and comprehensive treatment approach ensure exceptional care for children with spina bifida and related conditions.

To consult a pediatric neurosurgery expert:-

Call us at +91-9076972161
Email at care@tenderpalm.com

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